Protecting critically endangered Yellow-tailed woolly monkeys
Conservation focus:
Yellow-tailed woolly monkey
Scientific name:
Lagothrix (oreonax) flavicauda
Scientific classification:
Mammals, Primates, Atelidae
IUCN status:
EDGE status:
CR (critically endangered)
Score 3.7, Rank 94 / 585 EDGE mammals
Threatened evolutionary history:
3 million years
Conservation priority by EDGE rank / ecosystem




Why it matters
This critically endangered species, one of the world’s 25 most threatened primates and one of the least known and largest neotropical primates, is a top 100 EDGE mammal, the result of 3 million years of independent evolution. The few remaining populations live in a global hotspot of biodiversity, which itself must be preserved. This well-designed initiative aims at conserving the yellow-tailed woolly monkey while maintaining the livelihood of local farmers. It protects one of the few, if not the only, habitats in which the numbers of this highly endangered primate species are increasing again. It also uses community education to improve awareness and community involvement to allow locals to benefit from a protective rather than exploitative approach.
The Pampa del Burro Private Conservation Area, owned by the Campesino Community of Yambrasbamba, forms part of a hotspot of biodiversity and is home to many endemic and threatened species, including the endemic Yellow-tailed Wolly Monkey.
Project fast facts
Focal species' population trend
Decreasing
Local conservation attention
Moderate
Range / Project area

Ecological role
Exact role unknown. One of the largest endemic mammals of the montane cloud forests of Peru, a unique ecosystem draining into the Amazon basin. Seed disperser.
Threats
Habitat loss and fragmentation due to human encroachment, farming, mining and road construction; hunting, climate change. Continued growth of human populations, encroachment of development projects, extractive industry and hunting have led to an estimated ~90% decrease of the umbrella species, locally called mono choro de cola amarilla.
Grant
First awarded:
$ 31,260 (2010-2024)
19 November 2010
Score 3.7, Rank 94 / 585 EDGE mammals
Programme owner
NPC; Yambrasbamba; S. Diego Global; Boston Univ.
Programme contact
Dr. Sam Shanee, Projects Director, Neotropical Primate Conservation
Project location
South America, Perú
Yambrasbamba 01160, Peru


Addressing the need: Project goals
To ensure in situ conservation of the yellow tailed woolly monkey (Oreonax flavicauda), one of the world’s most endangered species. To also generate greater awareness of ecological and conservation issues on a local, regional, national and international scale, and update scientific knowledge of the target species.
In all our projects NPC (Neotropical Primate Conservation) use monkeys as flagship species to spearhead conservation efforts, but our work doesn’t only benefit primates. In order for primates to survive in the wild they need a functioning ecosystem, which means our efforts also go towards protecting all the other sympatric plant and animal species as well as their habitats and other resources they rely on. We achieve this directly through land protection, reforestation and scientific research on flora and fauna. We also work significantly with local communities in environmental education, social development and capacity building for natural resource management.
Fund park guards/conservation promoters to protect the Pampa del Burro Private Conservation Area and El Toro field station. All participants will be from communities surrounding the areas.
Train park guards in data collection and mapping to monitor wildlife during patrols, and identify threats to the integrity of the two areas. This will include use of data entry sheets, GPS, cameras and other field equipment through hands on experience and theoretical classes.
Reduce hunting and un-sustainable land use change through education and community engagement and enforcement.
Continue implementation of a permanent field station to provide employment from conservation and tourism in the community, and provide study opportunities to Peruvian and international students and researchers.
Use the training and lessons learned in this area as templates for training of park guards and field guides at all other community protected areas we support.
Conservation actions
Short-term outcomes of this project will include the continued absence of hunting of the species and deforestation at the El Toro field site, and reduction or elimination of these activities in the Pampa del Burro Private Conservation Area, which also holds populations of the species and others of conservation concern. This will be achieved through enforcement and outreach and will ensure that the local population of L. flavicauda continues to increase, possibly the only site where it is growing. The outreach and education work also goes beyond the borders of these areas, reaching members of the 5 local communities in the vicinity and others beyond, which will have a positive impact on the species on the landscape level. As with previous studies, the continued and expanded monitoring of this and other species provides quantifiable evidence of our conservation success, allowing for replication at other sites, a process which is ongoing through our wider projects.
Thanks to the elimination of hunting through voluntary conservation agreements and reduced deforestation, the local population of the focal species has increased substantially. We carried out surveys at the site in 2008/2009, 2012/2013 and 2023/2024. With group density increasing from 9.3/km² in the first survey, to 14.5 and 36.8/km² in the subsequent surveys, respectively. These increases have been due to birth and survival of young animals, and not groups migrating into the area due to habitat loss, proving the applicability and effectiveness of our community conservation efforts for the species.
The concept of community conservation in Peru has led to many other communities registering forests on their lands as protected areas for diverse reasons, including protection of the Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey, many of which apply activities focused on the same key areas of hunting reduction and habitat protection through outreach and education.

To protect the Yellow-tailed woolly monkeys, a safe space must be created for the species.

A signpost prohibiting hunting and logging.

This area is also an endemism hotspot.

To protect the Yellow-tailed woolly monkeys, a safe space must be created for the species.
