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Protecting West African Slender-snouted crocodiles

Conservation focus:

West African Slender-snouted crocodile

Scientific name:

Mecistops cataphractus

Scientific classification:

Reptiles, Crocodilia, Crocodylidae, Osteolaeminae

IUCN status:

EDGE status:

CR (critically endangered)

EDGE Score 5.7, rank 4 / 6 EDGE crocodiles

Threatened evolutionary history:

9 million years

Conservation priority by EDGE rank / ecosystem

Protecting West African Slender-snouted crocodiles
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Why it matters

Crocodiles are particularly worthy of conservation. Like turtles, sharks/rays and amphibians, they are phylogenetically very old and distinct life-forms. The West African slender-snouted crocodile represents a separate crocodile subfamily endemic to Western and Central Africa, together with its Central African sister species and 3 species of dwarf crocodiles. Surveys prior to 1998 showed a grim picture for this species, particularly in West Africa and the southern- and easternmost areas of its range. The remaining survivors keep being exposed to an array of threats. A new approach is urgently needed. This grant helps to protect one of the last known significant populations - less than 400 mature individuals - in Ghana's Techiman-Tanoso range.

Project fast facts

Focal species' population trend

Decreasing

Local conservation attention

Low

Range / Project area

Ecological role

The West African slender-snouted crocodile is a keystone species that helps maintain ecological balance by regulating populations of highly prolific aquatic organisms through its feeding. Its movements and nesting behaviours create trails, burrows, and depressions that serve as microhabitats for various species including fish, amphibians, and aquatic insects, thereby enhancing habitat complexity and supporting biodiversity within the riparian ecosystem.
Young individuals -like most crocodilians - primarily feed on small fish and a variety of invertebrates; adult individuals primarily eat fish, but may also prey on suitably-sized mammals.

Threats

Mecistops cataphractus has experienced a population decline of nearly 90% across its range due to habitat destruction and hunting (Shirley, 2014). The species is among the five most threatened crocodilians in the world and is considered possibly extinct in Togo, Nigeria, Senegal, and Benin, where it has not been recorded for over three decades despite targeted survey efforts. One of the last known significant populations — estimated at 370 mature individuals — survives in Ghana’s Techiman-Tanoso range along the Tano River, making it a critical conservation priority (Amoah et al. 2019; E. Amoah, unpubl. data). However, this population continues to face threats from illegal logging, seasonal farming that disrupts nesting habitats, and pollution, particularly from plastic waste.

Grant

First awarded:

$ 8,500

20 July 2025

EDGE Score 5.7, rank 4 / 6 EDGE crocodiles

Programme owner

THRESCOAL, Techiman, Ghana

Programme contact

Dr. Emmanuel Amoah, Executive Direcor

Project location

Africa

Tano River Lodge, Techiman, Bono Region, Ghana

Addressing the need: Project goals

This project aims to conserve the riparian habitats of the Tano River that are critical for the nesting of the Critically Endangered West African slender-snouted crocodile (Mecistops cataphractus).

The riparian habitats of the Tano River are critical for the nesting of the Critically Endangered West African slender-snouted crocodile, one of the 5 rarest crocodylians on Earth. This project is designed to protect this keystone species by reducing habitat degradation through training vegetable farmers in sustainable agriculture practices, raising awareness for the species' plight by delivering conservation education to local residents, and reducing pollution and human disturbances.
Through this integrated approach, the project will strengthen habitat protection, promote eco-friendly farming, and foster community stewardship of biodiversity along the Tano River.
Generally, the programme owner THRESCOAL advocates for environmentally sound policies.
Core Principles are:
- Livelihood-Conservation Synergy: Promoting coexistence between nature and rural well-being
- Capacity Building: Strengthening local skills and knowledge
- Sustainability: Ensuring long-term ecological and social benefits
- Community Focus: Placing local people at the centre of all interventions
- Awareness Creation: Encouraging responsible behaviours and stewardship through education

Conservation actions

This project is expected to reduce disturbances to the nesting habitats of the West African slender-snouted crocodile caused by unsustainable farming. A five-week training for 224 vegetable farmers will promote sustainable practices that minimize habitat degradation and pollution from excessive agrochemical use. Since annual vegetable farming is a major threat to the species and also a key livelihood, promoting eco-friendly techniques offers a win-win outcome. Additionally, community-wide awareness campaigns targeting both adults and schoolchildren will enhance local understanding of conservation issues and encourage environmental stewardship. Together, these interventions will support the long-term protection of the species and its critical habitat.
This grant strategically builds directly on THRESCOAL's long-term conservation programme initiated in 2017. It represents a continuation and scaling up of successful, evidence-based, and community-driven actions essential to securing the future of this Critically Endangered species. Major prior achievements include the first population estimates to guide long-term monitoring, detailed nesting ecology studies across four seasons, radio telemetry to determine home range and habitat use, and threat assessments. We have also planted over 20,000 indigenous trees to restore degraded nesting habitats. To integrate local perspectives, we interviewed more than 650 residents, fostering a sense of ownership and support for crocodile conservation. In partnership with local authorities and landowners, we are finalizing the legal designation of a community-based crocodile sanctuary. Additionally, to reduce human pressure on nesting sites, we have supported 204 landowners with alternative livelihoods, creating habitat buffers through voluntary land-use agreements.

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